OR Design Toolkit

TECHNOLOGY

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OR Design Toolkit / Technology

Technology

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Communication technologies that interface between inside and outside the OR support the flow of information without creating the need for people to enter and exit the OR.

DESIRED OUTCOMES/CITATIONS

Improve movement and flow              

Peer-reviewed (empirical study)

Mousavi et al., 2018
Mousavi, E. S., Jafarifiroozabadi, R., Bayramzadeh, S., Joseph, A., & San, D. (2018). An observational study of door motion in operating rooms. Building and Environment, 144, 502-507.

TYPE OF STRATEGY

Task Organization Technology

Locating visual information displays in the surgeons' line of sight supports reduced visual field challenges.

DESIRED OUTCOMES/CITATIONS

Improve visual awareness              

Peer-reviewed (empirical study)

Watkins et al., 2011
Watkins, N., Kobelja, M., Peavey, E., Thomas, S., & Lyon, J. (2011). An evaluation of operating room safety and efficiency: Pilot utilization of a structured focus group format and three-dimensional video mock-up to inform design decision making. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 5(1), 6-22.
Improve information awareness              

Peer-reviewed (empirical study)

Watkins et al., 2011
Watkins, N., Kobelja, M., Peavey, E., Thomas, S., & Lyon, J. (2011). An evaluation of operating room safety and efficiency: Pilot utilization of a structured focus group format and three-dimensional video mock-up to inform design decision making. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 5(1), 6-22.

TYPE OF STRATEGY

Task Technology Built Environment

Temperature controls in the OR support staff's ability to adjust temperature according to staff preference.

DESIRED OUTCOMES/CITATIONS

Improve thermal comfort              

Peer-reviewed (empirical study)

Dascalaki et al., 2009
Dascalaki, E. G., Gaglia, A. G., Balaras, C. A., & Lagoudi, A. (2009). Indoor environmental quality in Hellenic hospital operating rooms. Energy and Buildings, 41(5), 551-560.

Peer-reviewed (best practice, design guidelines, or literature review report)

Balaras et al, 2007
Balaras, C. A., Dascalaki, E., & Gaglia, A. (2007). HVAC and indoor thermal conditions in hospital operating rooms. Energy and Buildings, 39(4), 454-470.

TYPE OF STRATEGY

Technology Built Environment

Visual information displays that provide unobstructed views for all surgical team members support increased access to information.

DESIRED OUTCOMES/CITATIONS

Improve visual awareness              

Peer-reviewed (empirical study)

Ahmad et al., 2016
Ahmad, N., Hussein, A. A., Cavuoto, L., Sharif, M., Allers, J. C., Hinata, N., ... & Guru, K. A. (2016). Ambulatory movements, team dynamics and interactions during robot‐assisted surgery. BJU international, 118(1), 132-139.
Improve workplace ergonomics              

Peer-reviewed (empirical study)

Bayramzadeh et al., 2018
Bayramzadeh, S., Joseph, A., Allison, D., Shultz, J., Abernathy, J., & Group, R. O. S. (2018). Using an integrative mock-up simulation approach for evidence-based evaluation of operating room design prototypes. Applied ergonomics, 70, 288-299.

TYPE OF STRATEGY

Task Technology Built Environment

Providing docking capacity within the OR for mobile and wireless technologies supports increased connectivity and battery power at all times.

DESIRED OUTCOMES/CITATIONS

Improve visual awareness              

PSLL (case studies, RIPCHD.OR books)

PSLL High Fidelity Mock-up Simulations, December 2018
PSLL High Fidelity Mock-up Simulations (December 2018). Orthopedic High Fidelity Mock-up Simulations Focus Group. Charleston, SC.

TYPE OF STRATEGY

Technology

Wireless technologies including wireless information technologies and wireless power sources support cord management by eliminating the wires and cables that can cause pathway obstructions.

DESIRED OUTCOMES/CITATIONS

Reduce clutter              

Peer-reviewed (empirical study)

Ahmad et al., 2016
Ahmad, N., Hussein, A. A., Cavuoto, L., Sharif, M., Allers, J. C., Hinata, N., ... & Guru, K. A. (2016). Ambulatory movements, team dynamics and interactions during robot‐assisted surgery. BJU international, 118(1), 132-139.

Peer-reviewed (empirical study)

Patkin, 2003
Patkin, M. (2003). What surgeons want in operating rooms. Minimally invasive therapy & allied technologies, 12(6), 256-262.

Peer-reviewed (best practice, design guidelines, or literature review report)

Brogmus et al., 2007
Brogmus, G., Leone, W., Butler, L., & Hernandez, E. (2007). Best practices in OR suite layout and equipment choices to reduce slips, trips, and falls. AORN journal, 86(3), 384-398.
Improve movement and flow              

Peer-reviewed (empirical study)

Ahmad et al., 2016
Ahmad, N., Hussein, A. A., Cavuoto, L., Sharif, M., Allers, J. C., Hinata, N., ... & Guru, K. A. (2016). Ambulatory movements, team dynamics and interactions during robot‐assisted surgery. BJU international, 118(1), 132-139.

Peer-reviewed (empirical study)

Patkin, 2003
Patkin, M. (2003). What surgeons want in operating rooms. Minimally invasive therapy & allied technologies, 12(6), 256-262.

Peer-reviewed (empirical study)

Wallin & Wajntraub, 2004
Wallin, M. K., & Wajntraub, S. (2004). Evaluation of Bluetooth as a replacement for cables in intensive care and surgery. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 98(3), 763-767.
Improve workplace ergonomics              

Peer-reviewed (empirical study)

Patkin, 2003
Patkin, M. (2003). What surgeons want in operating rooms. Minimally invasive therapy & allied technologies, 12(6), 256-262.

Peer-reviewed (best practice, design guidelines, or literature review report)

Worley & Hohler, 2008
Worley, D. J., & Hohler, S. E. (2008). OR construction project: from planning to execution. AORN journal, 88(6), 917-941.
Reduce staff injury              

Peer-reviewed (empirical study)

Patkin, 2003
Patkin, M. (2003). What surgeons want in operating rooms. Minimally invasive therapy & allied technologies, 12(6), 256-262.
Reduce slips, trips, and falls              

Peer-reviewed (empirical study)

Patkin, 2003
Patkin, M. (2003). What surgeons want in operating rooms. Minimally invasive therapy & allied technologies, 12(6), 256-262.

Peer-reviewed (best practice, design guidelines, or literature review report)

Worley & Hohler, 2008
Worley, D. J., & Hohler, S. E. (2008). OR construction project: from planning to execution. AORN journal, 88(6), 917-941.

TYPE OF STRATEGY

Technology

Staff-controlled visual information displays support the staffs' ability to retrieve information in response to information needs during different phases of the surgical procedure.

DESIRED OUTCOMES/CITATIONS

Improve workplace ergonomics              

Peer-reviewed (empirical study)

Bayramzadeh et al., 2018
Bayramzadeh, S., Joseph, A., Allison, D., Shultz, J., Abernathy, J., & Group, R. O. S. (2018). Using an integrative mock-up simulation approach for evidence-based evaluation of operating room design prototypes. Applied ergonomics, 70, 288-299.

TYPE OF STRATEGY

People Technology

Multiple types of visual displays, such as boom mounted and wall mounted displays, facilitate multiple viewing options at varying distances for surgical team members supporting their visual and information awareness during the procedure.

DESIRED OUTCOMES/CITATIONS

Improve information awareness              

Peer-reviewed (best practice, design guidelines, or literature review report)

Rostenberg & Barach, 2011
Rostenberg, B., & Barach, P. R. (2011). Design of cardiovascular operating rooms for tomorrow's technology and clinical practice—Part one. Progress in Pediatric Cardiology, 32(2), 121-128.
Improve visual awareness              

Best Practice report (non peer-reviewed)

Joseph & Allison, 2018
Joseph, A. & Allison, D. (2018). Designing A Safer OR. Healthcare Design Magazine. Available at https://www.healthcaredesignmagazine.com/trends/research-theory/designing-a-safer-or/
Improve communication              

Best Practice report (non peer-reviewed)

Lee, 2015
Lee, K. (2015). Designing The OR Of The Future. Healthcare Design Magazine. Available at https://www.healthcaredesignmagazine.com/trends/construction-engineering/designing-or-future/?hilite=%27designing%27%2C%27Future%27

TYPE OF STRATEGY

Task Technology

Adjustable visual information displays support the ability for staff to view displays.

DESIRED OUTCOMES/CITATIONS

Improve information awareness              

Peer-reviewed (empirical study)

Watkins et al., 2011
Watkins, N., Kobelja, M., Peavey, E., Thomas, S., & Lyon, J. (2011). An evaluation of operating room safety and efficiency: Pilot utilization of a structured focus group format and three-dimensional video mock-up to inform design decision making. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 5(1), 6-22.
Improve workplace ergonomics              

Peer-reviewed (empirical study)

Kelts et al., 2015
Kelts, G. I., McMains, K. C., Chen, P. G., & Weitzel, E. K. (2015). Monitor height ergonomics: A comparison of operating room video display terminals. Allergy & Rhinology, 6(1), ar-2015.
Reduce staff injury              

Peer-reviewed (best practice, design guidelines, or literature review report)

Ramakrishnan & Montero, 2013
Ramakrishnan, V. R., & Montero, P. N. (2013). Ergonomic considerations in endoscopic sinus surgery: lessons learned from laparoscopic surgeons. American journal of rhinology & allergy, 27(3), 245-250.

Peer-reviewed (best practice, design guidelines, or literature review report)

Ayad et al., 2005
Ayad, T., Peloquin, L., & Prince, F. (2005). Ergonomics in endoscopic sinus surgery: systematic review of the literature. Journal of otolaryngology, 34(5), 333-340.

Peer-reviewed (empirical study)

Bayramzadeh et al., 2018
Bayramzadeh, S., Joseph, A., Allison, D., Shultz, J., Abernathy, J., & Group, R. O. S. (2018). Using an integrative mock-up simulation approach for evidence-based evaluation of operating room design prototypes. Applied ergonomics, 70, 288-299.

TYPE OF STRATEGY

Task Technology

Anesthesia alarms that convey necessary information while not exceeding the providers' cognitive and perceptual capabilities support the volume and complexity of anesthetic maintenance information.

DESIRED OUTCOMES/CITATIONS

Improve information awareness              

Peer-reviewed (empirical study)

Seagull & Sanderson, 2001
Seagull, J. F., & Sanderson, P. M. (2001). Anesthesia Alarms in Context: An Observational Study. Human Factors, 43(1), 66–78. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872001775992453

TYPE OF STRATEGY

People Task Technology
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